Urban Planning Urban Design

Urban Planning Urban Design Urban Planning Urban Design Theoretical The impact of over misuse of nature assets by human and furthermore absence of attention to great arranging and plan in the urban communities makes numerous issues numerous urban areas on the planet. That is the reason it was pivotal to have great arranging framework in the city and furthermore to incorporate the arranging with the plan of the city itself. Urban arranging is a blend of arranging in physical (like streets, maps and land use plan) yet in addition it is managing nonphysical arranging like guideline, arrangements in the city or provincial levels. Moreover urban structures are all the more concentrating on the craft of making places; this incorporates the manner in which spots work and matters, for example, network wellbeing. The incorporation between these two fields is that urban organizers are all the more concentrating on the capacity of the city all in all, and the urban fashioners will attempt to decipher it in the plan of the city. One of the principle components in urban arranging and urban plan is green open space. The last is the district or ground surface region which is overwhelmed by plants that are elevated to a specific natural surroundings security capacities. Green open space has numerous different capacities which fluctuate from social, conservative and natural perspectives. One of the better approaches to improve the green open space and moderate it is by actualizing keen development. The last is one of the explores that have been directed in USA to move toward a feasible advancement in America. These explores have delivered ten standards of effective network from all aspects of the world. The standards in shrewd development are viewed as genuine guides to be additionally executed in different nations. Besides, the utilization of the shrewd development standards needs to confine these standards with respect to the nation condition, culture and enactment. As a rule, the comprehension of the qualities of various kinds of open spaces in a urban and rustic lattice may manage specialists (nearby and nation) in the drawn out arranging process. The evaluation of progress in green open space framework is similarly critical to take gauges in keeping up bearable nations and urban communities. Additionally arranging and planning for a green open space are significant in advancing the advancement of any nation. URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN (Green open space) Since the presence of mankind, arranging was among the fundamental issues to manage; this is so on the grounds that arranging causes him to sort out his exercises and to foresee his future. It is based on this that urban communities have additionally been placed into account in arranging. Nonetheless, as the human culture is growing up, this improvement is carrying a few issues to our earth since there is over abuse of the world assets. Because of this over abuse of the earth, regular assets; and other mal-human exercises (financial, for example, contamination and waste issues, lose of natures protection, biodiversity, environment and green combined with the rise and risks of environmental change, an Earth-wide temperature boost and its negative ramifications on living quality lately and in future to the entire world, there is a developing enthusiasm for maintainability, supportable turn of events and its joining into plans of numerous types. Regardless of this issues of a dangerous atmospheric devation, investigates have demonstrated that green open space can be one of the arrangements of that issue. Green open space has impact on microclimates. Trees and planting can bring about the decrease of pinnacle summer temperatures by up to 5â ° Celsius. Hence, trees can be remembered for the Citys road scene plans at every possible opportunity, to give shade and cooling and thus lessen an unnatural weather change (City of London, 2009). Basing on the above stated, we discovered essential to examine about urban structure and urban arranging: Green Open Space. Association BETWEEN URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN As per Peter Hall, 2002, the action word ‘to plan and the thing ‘planning and organizer, have in reality just the subsequent general gathering of implications: they do allude to the craft of drawing up a physical arrangement or configuration on paper. They can mean either ‘either ‘to organize the pieces of or ‘to understand the accomplishment of ‘or all the more ambiguously, to ‘intend. The most widely recognized importance of arranging includes both the initial two of these components; arranging is worried about purposely accomplishing a few targets and it continues by amassing activities into some deliberate grouping. It is based on this that Gallion and Eisner, 1993, characterized urban arranging as an endeavor to make a deliberate advancement in urban regions and diminish social clashes and financial conditions that would imperil the lives and property. Then again, urban plan is about how to recover sure of the (characteristics which we experience just as those we see) that we partner with the customary city: a feeling of request, spot, and congruity, lavishness of experience, fulfillment and having a place. Urban structure lies somewhere close to the expansive brush deliberations of arranging and the solid particulars of engineering. (Cowan, 1997). As should be obvious it through the definitions, there are a few likenesses and contrasts between these two subjects. However, the above definition can be summed up as follows (see the table beneath): From this table, urban arranging has a job to ensure that a city is working and working admirably that is the reason urban and territorial arranging is concentrating on different issues, for example, prudent, social and natural issues while, urban plan is additionally concentrating on aesthetical qualities like feeling of spot, building character, person on foot structure and structure of open space. Moreover, some of the time urban organizers can turn out to be small scale like urban planners. They can make a few plans of the urban areas which is the primary undertaking of urban architects. In retribution urban planners can make arrangements for strategies and rules. Since urban arranging and urban plan are wide, we discovered imperative to examine about green open space as a center point. GREEN OPEN SPACE Green Open Space is the district or ground surface region which is overwhelmed by plants that are elevated to a specific natural surroundings assurance capacities, and/or offices neighborhood/city, and/or arrange security framework, and/or agrarian development. (Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Indonesia Ministry of Public Works, 2007). These days, the idea open space in complex lattice isn't restricted distinctly to the urban park and jelly yet in addition non park-non characteristic spots. Open spaces, for example, lanes, school yards, outside game edifices, graveyards, and open squares are significant green open spaces (Hall, 1998). Why plan and structure for green open space? The way toward getting everybody together to consider network needs is beneficial undertaking in itself. A urban open space plan is significantly more than a land procurement plan. It can make a wide assortment of proposals about the eventual fate of a nation. In this way, we need to get ready for a green open space on the grounds that:  · A green open space plan is the other side of an improvement plan. In the wake of distinguishing significant green open spaces, it will be substantially more evident where improvement ought to happen.  · It suggests land use guidelines that will assist with shielding the network from uneconomic and wasteful spread. (Branch of Environmental Conservation , California, 2004) It is thus that it is fundamental for urban organizers to decide the capacity of green open space so as to expand its worth, (for example, water protection, wetland territory, city lungs). At the point when you talk concerning why plan and structure for green open space, it is fundamental to take a gander at the size and levels of green open space. Green Open Space (size and level) It exists two kinds of green open space: country open space and urban open space. Country open space is made of living space, entertainment, wellbeing/security (flooding/seismic), horticulture/rangelands, waterway and stream expressways while urban open space is established by amusement, trails and turnpikes, stream and channel hallways, characteristic assets and open space (Department of Environmental Conservation, California, 2004). In any case, it is too hard to even think about determining a worldwide size of green open space by various levels in light of the fact that each nation has its approaches, own physical attributes and culture yet we have a model from United Kingdom which can be a best practice. The United Kingdom Accessible Natural Green Space Standard (ANGS) referenced that:  · No individual should live in excess of 300 m from their closest territory of characteristic green space of in any event two (2) hectares in size;  · There is arrangement of at any rate two (2) hectares of Local Nature Reserve per 1,000 populace;  · That there ought to be at any rate one open 20 ha site inside two (2) km from home  · That there should be one available 100 ha site inside five (5) km;  · That there should be one open 500 ha site inside (10) km. We can not just talk about the size and levels of green open space in urban arranging and urban structure, we need additionally to perceive the elements of green open space in light of the fact that the last are constantly gotten ready for specific purposes. Capacity of Green open space Green open spaces are imperative piece of scenes with its own particular arrangement of capacity. Open spaces (characteristic or artificial) add to the personal satisfaction from multiple points of view (Burke and Ewan, 1999). Close to significant ecological advantages, (for example, improvement of the nature of air, soil and water, diminishing of clamor levels, decrease of warm plentifulness varieties, insurance against the breezes, squander Management, improvement of the penetration and seepage of tempest water, decrease of flood hazards), these zones offer social mental types of assistance, (for example, Recreation and Leisure, Increasing physical and Psychological prosperity, Sociability) which are basic for the decency of the city and prosperity of urbanites (Chiesura, 2004). Thompson

Aldi Supermarket chain

Aldi Supermarket chain Presentation Overview Aldi is a worldwide store chain situated in Germany (Aldi, 2013). Aldi was established by Karl and Theo albretch siblings in 1946. The two had acquired a helpful store from their mom and made a chain of markdown food shops Aldi first went worldwide by opening a branch in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Presently, the market chain possesses in excess of 400 stores in the UK alone.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Aldi Supermarket chain explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aldi for the most part bargains in food and beverages, yet in addition sells a scope of wellbeing and restorative items and other ease household products. Most of the items sold by this grocery store chain are own-marked named in addition to a couple non-marked items. This framework empowers Aldi to stock an assortment of items like other general grocery stores yet on a restricted space (Aldi Group History, 2010; Fallon, 1987, p. 33; Mitchell, 1991, p. 5). Report Purpose The point of this report is to do an inside and out examination of Aldi store chain utilizing PESTEL system and to investigate the potential effect of each factor on Aldi, its arrangements and intensity in the UK advertise. Aldi’s Industrial Analysis: PESTEL system Political Factors Aldi is a global company and in this way is enormously influenced by the political and legitimate states of individual nations where it works. The political situation in the UK can be depicted as consistent. The primary focal point of the present government is recuperation from the worldwide money related emergency (Hamilton Ryan, 2012). As indicated by the UK enactment on business, retail locations are urged to give a wide scope of work openings (Balchin, 1994, p. 44). Aldi grocery store chain perceives the effect of retail chains on social government assistance. The organization has utilized an enormous number of individuals without segregation. Its workforce envelops individuals of vary ing backgrounds (Mitchell, 1991, p. 5). Financial elements The economy of the UK is right now consistent. In any case, the nation has been thinking about moderately high joblessness and vulnerabilities in the economy. The economy developed by 0.23 % in 2012 and is required to develop by 1 % this year (2013) (Hamilton Ryan, 2012; BCC, 2012, P. 10). The financial conditions in the UK are a significant reason for worry for the retail chain. One of the significant reasons for concern is the foreseen increment in the joblessness rate. This will bring about a decrease in the compelling interest for various items and thusly will influence the general interest of products in the nation (Elearn Training Co 2005). Since the financial elements are route past the company’s control, Aldi has begun re-sorting out its advertising blend in with respect to future changes in the economy.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Socio-social variables According to the ongoing registration directed in the UK, the number of inhabitants in the adolescent is contracting while that of the old is developing. This will contrarily influence the work showcase, advertise request, and increment in government use administrations. At last, the UK government should chop down its financial plan and increment expense to offer these types of assistance. Expanded costs because of rising expenses have induced UK shoppers to change their utilization conduct (Graiser Scott, p. 10). These progressions have come about into more spotlight on esteem expansion (Graiser Scott, p. 10; Clarke, Bennison Pal, 1997, p. 60). Since customers are an element of social propensity and convictions, UK buyers have gotten increasingly edified on wellbeing matters and their outlook towards staple. Aldi is right now altering its items to deal with the rising interest for natural and sound staple (Graiser Scott, p. 13). Innovative elements Consumers require increasingly convenient advances while purchasing merchandise. Innovation assumes a significant job in improving buyer experience (Faucheux Nicolaã ¯, 1998, p. 243). The latest mechanical developments for retail locations incorporate electronic publicizing and electronic rack marking. Internet promoting has additionally gotten progressively famous. Thus, organizations have depended on the utilization of online channels to pull in clients (Faucheux Nicolaã ¯, 1998, p. 244). The improvements of numerous Aldi merchandise have been affected by innovation. The present innovation has profited both the retail chain and the buyers on the loose. Aldi has upgraded customer fulfillment through innovation. The utilization of innovation has empowered the grocery store chain to improve openness of products and enterprises and personalization of shopping. Innovation has likewise assisted with improving effectiveness of flexibly and stock task s (Aldi, 2013). Ecological elements Corporate social duty altogether contributes in building purchaser trust and faithfulness. Subsequently, numerous organizations have been encountering a great deal of strain to perceive their commitment to the overall population (Schwartz Carroll, 2003, p. 504; Worthington Brotton, 2009). One of the cultural issue compromising retail chains managing in staple is natural concerns which expects them to act in an ecologically agreeable way. Understanding these issues expands moral position. Aldi’s CSR is worried about the way through which the association meets its duty to the investors by means of guidelines and administration (Faucheux Nicolaã ¯, 1998, p. 246). Aldi has adjusted its items with the present approaches and guidelines identified with natural supportability (Aldi Group History, 2010). Authoritative variables The British market is incredibly directed (Mintel Report, 2011, P. 2). Also, the EU commission has set up required wholeso me guidelines for the retail part. These guidelines help guarantee that customers get to sound staple and progressively adjusted eating routine. These approaches and guidelines have significantly affected Aldi’s execution. Its item meets both neighborhood and worldwide principles (Mintel Report, 2011, P. 4).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Aldi Supermarket chain explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Aldi is a worldwide organization however unequivocally relies upon the UK showcase. In spite of the fact that the UK is financially steady, it is confronted with different vulnerabilities. Aldi comprehends its job in the general public and has been endeavoring to fulfill the need of both the purchaser and the legislature. Aldi has had the option to keep a decent compatibility with the UK government by executing politically right approaches. The organization has been keeping tab with current financial changes by altering its items and administrations as per the common patterns. What's more, Aldi’s items are ecologically benevolent and satisfy the built up guidelines. References Aldi 2013, Welcome to Aldi. Web. Aldi Group History 2010, Company History. Web. Balchin, A 1994, ‘Part-time laborers in the different retail division: little change from work insurance legislation’, Employee Relations, vol. 16, no. 15, pp. 43-57. BCC 2012, Policy Marker: Quarterly Economic Survey Q1 2012, British Chamber of Commerce, London. Clarke, I, Bennison, D, Pal, J 1997, ‘Towards a contemporary point of view of retail location’, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp.59-69.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Elearn Training Co 2005, The Business Environment, Elsevier, London. Worthington, A, Brotton, C 2009, The Business Environment, FT/Prentice Hall, London. Fallon, J 1987, ‘Aldis European Stores Offer Price’. Store News, 31 August, p. 33. Faucheux S, Nicolaã ¯ I 1998, Environmental innovative change and administration in manageable improvement arrangement, Ecological Economics, vol. 27, pp. 243-256. Graiser, A, Scott, T 2004, ‘Understanding the elements of the store sector’, The Secured Lender, vol. 60, no. 6, pp.10-14. Hamilton, S, Ryan, J 2012, U.K. Economy Surges 1% as Britain Exits Recession. Web. Mintel Report 2011, UK Food Retailing. Web. Mitchell, A 1991, ‘Aldi and Gateway Seal Site Deal in Move that Puzzles Supermarkets’. Showcasing, 12 December, p. 5. Schwartz, M S, Carroll, AB 2003, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: A Three-Domain Approach’, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 4, pp.503â€530.

East Campus Rush 2014 RAW SCIENCE

East Campus Rush 2014 RAW SCIENCE This Sunday is the infamous East Side Party, which is open to the MIT community. We will showcase our various science projects that we have been working on over the past week. Some of these science experiments include a three story fort, a roller coaster, a viking ship, and 3D twister. Prefrosh will have the opportunity to battle in a giant wrestling pit made of pudding or some other terrible substance and dance until their feet fall off. But it is all in the name of science. All events taking place over the next week can be found in the Daily Confusion, which is actually just a collection of inside jokes that I find extremely entertaining  interesting. The construction in the courtyard is pretty incredible. Here are a collection of photos I have taken of the construction over the past few days! Inside of our main lounge (Talbot), Alyssa W. 16 is working on creating banners for most halls in East Campus! As you can see, it is a really exciting time of year for the denizens of East Campus. We are excited for our new prefrosh and about the build.  We are excited for the science, not for the amusement or entertainment. All the while, little Aria is getting adjusted to her new home on Tetazoo :) (Title and tagline courtesy of Sabrina S. 16, all photos taken by Rachel D. 16) Post Tagged #East Campus #REX

Gay Marriage A Right That Is to Be Accepted Essay

Just how much in America, or anywhere in general, that accept people for their choices? To be honest, there isn’t many places on the PLANET that does so. Currently only about 16 states in the united states have made gay rights legal, meaning only sixteen states in an entire country with 50 states allow gay marriage.(â€Å"Where State Laws Stand†) I want to take a stand for gay marriages, and why it should be legal. Most people agree and disagree about legalizing gay marriages. To be honest, is it really a big issue? If gay marriages become legal, it won’t end the world. Social Science Quarterly have even found that â€Å"Laws permitting same-sex marriage have no effect on marriage, divorce and abortion rates†.(Langbein) This example shows that gay†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, study shows that children adopted by same-sex couples are just as well adjusted as heterosexual couples. ( Farr ) This shows that children raised by same-sex parents won’t affect them any less than heterosexual parents. So to conclude it all, gay couples could give children at orphanages a home, and that the fact that kids raised by same-sex couples won’t be any difference than being raised by heterosexual couples. Most homophobic or religious people will probably tell you that gay marriages are sins against God, therefore should not be legalized. Thier claims quoted by Congregatio n for Doctrine of the Faith and approved by Pope John Paul the second, states â€Å"Marriage was established by the creator with it’s own nature, essential properties and purpose. No ideology can erase from the human spirit the certainly that marriage exists solely between a man and a women.†( Card Joseph ) Stating that since life is born between a man and woman, gay marriage would go against the nature of that. Despite opposition, I am still convinced that marriage for same-sex couples should be legal. Just because some groups of people dont like the idea of same-sex privilages shouldn’t change the fact that marriage is marriage. In the document :†Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur† ,it further proves this statement by simply stating: Freedom of personal choice in matters of marriage and familyShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Banned874 Words   |  4 Pagesgrounds that gay rights or same sex marriage should be banned or that it’ s wrong under their religions. With that there are many factors that contradict against gay rights, such as religion, child adoption, and divorce just to name a few. Roger Severino, a graduate from Harvard Law School, and has a master in public policy claims the negative collusions that are against gay rights (924). Severino tells us that gay marriage conflicts with religious beliefs because it ruins the traditional marriage betweenRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1251 Words   |  6 PagesFor many years, gay marriage has been banned in most states in the United States. Today there are 14 out of 50 states who ban same-sex marriage but, things are changing and people are taking a stand in what they believe in (ProCon.org.). However, some people still don’t find gay marriage socially acceptable. In 2008, California’s Congress passed Proposition 8 which claimed that gay marriage was unacceptable. This caused controversy with their views that homosexual relationships were â€Å"unworthy ofRead MorePro Gay Marriage Argument1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Pro Gay Marriage The United States is currently embroiled in a battle over issues regarding civil rights of its citizens and what rights are constituted by that term. In the past, civil rights issues have been fought over womens rights and those of African Americans among others all in the name of seeking equality. Perhaps the most vocal group discussing civil rights in the United States at present are gay marriage activists who are fighting for same-sex couples to be able to marry. These individualsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Gay Marriage: A Step to Equality Imagine a world where heterosexuals are the minority. Straight people would be the ones fighting for the same rights as homosexuals. Same-sex marriages would be average and normal, while straight marriages would be frowned upon and considered unholy in the eyes of religion. Heterosexuals would be denied service at restaurants because of their sexuality, they would be called derogatory names while holding their partner’s hand and most importantlyRead MoreHomosexual Articles On The Usa Vs. Saudi Arabia1537 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexual Rights in the USA vs. Saudi Arabia. The word Gay originally derived from Germanic word that has a meaning of â€Å"joyful, carefree, happy, bright, and showy† in the 17th century. Around the 19th century the word Gay turned out to be referred to a woman who was a prostitute and a gay man was the man who slept with a lot of women (Hiskey). It could be sort of ironical today that a gay man doesn’t sleep with women and a gay woman (Lesbian) doesn’t sleep with men. By 1955, the word gay officiallyRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relationship that is â€Å"morally right†. When speaking on gay marriage, there are typically two views. To some it is just absouletly disgusting, and then to others it’s a beautiful thing. â€Å" Opponents of Same Sex Marriage say marriage is between a man and a woman and anything else is morally wrong( â€Å"At Issue : Same Sex Marriage†) As a human being , whose right is it to tell someone who they can and can not love. Sometimes people may disagree with gay marriage on a spiritual level, but who is toRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage became legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreEssay about The Case for Gay Marriage1673 Words   |  7 Pagesmarry has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men.† – United States Supreme Court majority decision in Loving v. Virginia. America is a nation built on fundamental rights. In our Declaration of Independence, our new nation guaranteed its citizens â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness†. Today, the political debate over the decisive issue of gay marriage forces us to rethink our commitment to those deliberate wordsRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United States

The Ethical Issues Of Drug Testing Essay - 2427 Words

Introduction Over the past few years, we have been witnessing technological advancement across the globe. As a result of these changes, we face a number of ethical and legal issues in our society and these issues range from business oriented to health issues, thus there is need for stakeholders and those involved to come up with some of the ways that will enabled them to identify these issues as well as some of the ways that can be used to prevent any loss as a result of these issues. This paper will address the issue of drug testing which has remained as one of the most sensitive issue because of divergent views of different people from all sectors of the economy. I will begin this paper by giving a brief definition of the term or of the phrase drug testing then I will explain some of the ethical issues caused by drug testing as well as the main ethical concerns raised by drug testing. In addition to this, I will explain some of the laws that have been put in place by government authorities to regulate drug testing. Lastly, I will make a few recommendations that will help us in the eventual reduction of liability as a result of exposure to drug testing as well as some of the ways that can help to reduce the ethical climate as a result of drug testing. What is drug testing? The term drug testing has been widely used by scholars and professionals from different fields more so those who are concerned with ethical issues of different individuals in the society as well as inShow MoreRelatedDrug And Alcohol Testing On The Workplace1663 Words   |  7 PagesDrug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Due: Monday Dec 1, 2014 COMM-220-F Rebecca Walsh By Brett Tate and Brandon Bracko November 17, 14 Introduction People often question drug and alcohol testing in the work place. It is a controversial subject that has a range of mixed emotions. But where do you draw the line when it comes to crossing the boundaries of prying into one’s personal life? This report will explain the legal, and ethical issues surrounding the topic of drug and alcohol testing inRead MoreWritten Analysis : Law And Ethics1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthose we empower will do so in a manner that is true and honest, for example in an ethical fashion. While both laws and ethics work to establish a moral boundary for all society, ethics is a more personal code while the law is a justice-based handbook. Violating laws will send a person to jail or give a person fines. Violating an ethical code will lead to shame and the scorn of others; it is important to note, ethical codes do not carry legal punishments. How Law and Ethics are Dissimilar Ethics andRead MoreDrugs and Ethics Essay example1150 Words   |  5 PagesEthics and law do not always go hand in hand. Not every law is ethical, and even if a law is considered ethical on its surface, it may result in unethical outcomes. Ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.† The pharmaceutical industry confronts several dilemmas every year. Most of these dilemmas revolve around money or whether or not to sacrificeRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantages and disadvantages of animal testing on consumer products are also explored, highlighting the safety it has ensured for humans, but also discussing alternative options. The report then discusses the ethical issues, focussing on both the utilitarianism and animal rights perspectives. The report concludes with a statement suggesting that both sides state important arguments but the answer cannot be determined until further research into animal testings reliability is tested and alternativeRead MoreThe Constant Gardner And The Commentary By Sonia Shah933 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie and the commentary bring to light the ethical and moral dilemmas pertaining to drug trials and the capitalist interests that create the moral dilemmas. I propose to argue only the moral principle that greed should dictate one’s actions with regards to the testing the effectiveness of new drugs. In theory the goal of doctors practicing medicine is to heal people. In theory the goal of the pharmaceutical industry should be creating drugs to cure diseases not creating wealth. When wasRead MoreAssignment 2 Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagesand how a rights-based ethic might instead condemn Roche’s drug trials in China. Which of these two approaches is stronger or more re asonable? Explain the reasons for your answer. Answer 1: Utilitarianism is as a view that holds that actions and policies should be evaluated on the basis of the benefits and costs they will impose on society. A utilitarian would argue that Roche was respecting the Chinese laws by first testing the drugs on Chinese patients. One could argue that prohibiting the researchRead MoreEssay about Animal Testing Should Be Outlawed1110 Words   |  5 Pagesefficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials. Animal experimentation has been going on since ancient Greece when Aristotle and Hippocrates first made their model of the human body based on what they had observed through animal dissection. Then, Romans used animals to do more psychological tests on animals like pigs, monkeys and dogs. After that, the Renaissance period took up physiological studies. Since then, the 20th century had a huge increase in animal testing until 1980 whenRead MoreAnimal Testing: What if You Were in Their Place? Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesof th e thousands of examples of profuse animal testing that has been going on for centuries. Mice, rats, dogs, pigs, cats, fish, birds and primates are tested every day by human beings in an attempt to learn more about the functions of our own bodies (Update: Animal Testing 2). The issue of animal testing has become an important topic of debate because despite the cruel and inhumane treatment of laboratory animals, people who support animal testing claim that the research benefits are phenomenalRead MoreModule 3 Questions Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ 1. Are drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries acting ethically? Drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries are not acting ethically. Testing of experimental drugs should be done in the country where the drugs are being manufactured. The major ethical dilemma is that the foreign countries that these clinical trials are not fully educated on the risks and understand what they are getting themselves into. In the article, many things stood out thatRead MoreDrug Development Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesDrug development This entire section on drug development highlights concerns which are very particular to the industry. They therefore lead to the implementation of CSR activities which are also very industry specific, although aspects such as animal testing and ethics in research can be shared by other industries such as the cosmetics industry, or the medical device sector for instance. Need for RD and innovation Today, the need for RD and innovation is great, maybe greater than ever. In the

Making a Case for Premarital Education Free Essays

Based on current information gathered from empirical analysis, professional/public opinion, and rational debate, Stanley (2001) constructed four arguments that support an increased need for premarital counseling. The arguments were â€Å" presented for the plausible benefits of engaging in premarital preventive efforts on a broad scale† (Stanley, 2001, p. 272). We will write a custom essay sample on Making a Case for Premarital Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author’s arguments include: 1. Using premarital strategies to slow couples down in an effort to allow them time get to know one another better before jumping into marriage. . Using premarital counseling strategies to emphasize the importance of the marital union and the long-term family and societal consequences attached to the decision to marry. 3. The use of premarital strategies will demonstrate that there are resources available to assist couples when they start to experience marital discord. 4. Couples participation in premarital education programs are less likely to have marital problems and are less likely to divorce (Stanley, 2001). Stanley (2001) presents the arguments as possible research programs that could be studied further to help develop a better understanding of what strategies can be implemented to lower and/or prevent divorce and decrease marital distress. Scott Stanley makes some compelling arguments for the need of premarital counseling and places emphasis on all of society taking an attitude of prevention in regards to developing strategies to effectively deal with the high divorce rate and high levels of marital discord that our country is currently battling. While the arguments have a sound basis are very rational, they lack validity from empirical research. Stanley (2001) acknowledges the need for more empirical research is needed to determine how to successfully prevent marital distress for society as a whole and lower the current divorce rates. Silliman and Schumm (2000) support the need for more research on this topic when they discuss how further attention to theoretical frameworks to guide premarital counseling is needed although the research and practice of premarital counseling have already been established. A high rate of divorce is one of many social problems affecting society today. Stanley (2001) states, â€Å"it is estimated that approximately 40% or more of new marriages among the younger generation will eventually end in divorce† (p. 272). There currently seems to be a push to put things in place to help prevent marital and family breakdown and the suggestion that couples should be required to undergo premarital education to help improve and prevent marital distress. Risch et al (2003) support the use of premarital counseling when they state, â€Å"marriage preparation programs have been used by practitioners and couples for decades, generally speaking programs aim to enhance the quality and stability of marriages and the content is chosen with this goal in mind† (p. 2). This preventative approach is an area that is receiving much attention worldwide as some governmental units are requiring premarital counseling as a means to reduce divorce and strengthen families† (Stahmann, 2000, p. 104). It is certainly advantageous to have preventative programs in place to assist couples who make a commitment to the union of marriage. This union affects the couple directly, their growing family, their separate families, and society as a whole. Premarital counseling strategies can be viewed as society’s commitment towards promotion and the attainment of a happy and healthy life. Anything preventative should be viewed as worthwhile means to the end. While new research is being developed, there is a lot to say for taking the necessary steps to put preventative measures in place to deal with what is currently known about the topic. Premarital counseling should be viewed as a practice to promote general health to the entire family system. The preventative measures associated with these strategies can cleanse the entire family system as they can assist in the decrease in marital discord and divorce, which have a cause and affect relationship with domestic violence, child abuse, and mental health issues related to the consequence of a broken marriage. This is a good example of how â€Å"an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure† (Benjamin Franklin). How to cite Making a Case for Premarital Education, Papers

Musical Acoustics Paper on the Harp Essay Sample free essay sample

The Harp is the oldest known stringed instrument. made up of a frame that surrounds multiple strings. The sum of strings depends on the size and type of harp. the concert harp typically has 47 strings which ranges 6 and a half octaves. The word harp comes from the Anglo-Saxon word significance â€Å"to pluck† . Smaller instruments similar to the harp include the lyre. which has strings of the same length but of changing thickness and tenseness ; the psaltery. which has a frame unfastened merely on one side ; and the dulcimer. which is similar to the psaltery but which is played by striking the strings with a cock instead than tweaking them. The harp is thought to hold beginnings in a huntsmans bow. in the sound it created when plucked. Because of this there is no true day of the month of innovation of the harp. There are cave pictures that depict a harp like instrument in France dated to 15. 000 BC. The first types of harp were the bow harp. which has a individual curving piece of wood attached to a vibrating vas. and the angle harp which is normally called the unfastened harp. which is made of 2 pieces of wood. one being hollow to vibrate the sound. attached together at an angle with the strings strung between them. The harp was developed individually in different parts of the universe and during different clip periods but all apparently bring forthing similar types harps. In ancient Egypt there are many harps depicted in Pharaohs tombs around 5000 old ages ago the bulk of these being bow harps up to 2 meters with 19 strings. Vertical harps known as lyre harps were created in ancient Greece and coincided with the creative activity of the mathematical musical graduated table where Pythagoras discovered numerical ratios matching to intervals of the musical graduated table. During the Roman times the usage of the harp and musical instruments in general declined and did non re-emerge for many old ages. The trigon harp seems to hold been developed in Europe and incorporated a perpendicular pillar to shut the frame. the effects of this mean that it allowed the harp shaper to increase threading tenseness without falsifying the instrument which besides made the harp easier to tune as altering the tenseness of one twine no longer affected the tenseness of all the other strings. The frame of the trigon harp is usually made of wood with the sounding board being a different type to the chief organic structure. Common forests used are dapper. beech. and maple with maple being the most common. The strings are stretched between the sounding board. which is the somewhat slanted and uncurving arm of the full triangular frame. and the curved. frequently intricately carved. top. The strings are frequently made of nylon or wire. The chief modern types of harp are the pedal harp and the lever harp. Pedal harps are normally used as concert harps and normally have a figure of pedals at the base which are used for altering notes and for exchanging keys. These typically have between 41 and 47 strings. Lever harps which are normally known as Celtic harps or common people harps. are floor harps and have no pedals. These have between 20 to 40 strings. The pedal harp has been improved to include a dual action so that the note they are attached to sharpens a half step on the first depression and a farther half step on the 2nd depression. The pedals were originally designed with maulerss that attached on the terminal of the strings and pulled down fastening the twine. The maulerss were so updated to crochets. which were right-angled instead than the u-shape of the maulerss. so to bequilles. which are sets of two little levers in which each twine wrapped through ; when one of the pedals were depressed. one lever would turn clockwise and the other counter-clockwise. supplying a firmer clasp. This was a better system but it tended to interrupt and prone to a buzzing sound being produced. This was so overcome by the debut of the disc system which is made up of two brass prongs ( or forks ) extended from a phonograph record that a twine passed through earlier attaching to the tuning nog. When the matching pedal was depressed. the phonograph record turned and the strings sharpened a half step. held steadfastly against the prong. The pillar contains the rods that operate the mechanism of the pedals. Lever harps. nevertheless. do non hold pedals or rods. and the pillar’s merely purpose in these instruments is to keep up the cervix against the big sum of strain of the strings. Lever harps usage a shortening lever on the cervix following to each person twine which is to be activated ( i. e. . turned ) manually to shorten the twine and raise the tone a half measure. A twine tuned to natural may be played in crisp. but non level. A twine tuned to flat may be played in natural. but non crisp. How it is Made The harp is made of 5 chief parts these parts are the organic structure. the cervix. the pillar. the sound board and the strings. The strings are connected between the cervix and the organic structure. The cervix. where the top of the twine is connected. contains the tuning nog which alter the note of the twine by altering the tenseness. The holes in which contain the tuning nog are drilled at specific intervals so each twine is the same distance apart and that the length the twine will be the right lenghth. when connected to the sound board. The underside of the strings are connected to the sounding board. they are fed through little holes and are so tied in a knot inside the sounding board to maintain them secure. The sounding board is the upward confronting surface of the organic structure. The organic structure is hollow and reinforced with internal ribs. when a twine is plucked the organic structure resonates and sound is projected towards the participants through holes in the o rganic structure. which are chiefly used as a entree to the strings but have the added usage for projecting sound to the performing artist. and more strongly outwards towards the audience through the sounding board which is flexible and kept taut. The pillar of the harp is chiefly to back up the cervix by linking it to the organic structure to let for higher tenseness strings and more strings. it is besides used in pedal harps to incorporate the rods that control the mechanism used to alter the tenseness of strings through the public presentation. White maple is the best wood for these three sides because it is strong plenty to defy the emphasis of the strings. The sounding board is normally made of spruce. Spruce is used because it is light. strong. fictile. and evenly-grained. enabling it to react uniformly to the quivers of the strings to bring forth a rich. clear sound. The center of the sounding board. known as the centerstrip. is attached to the base of the strings and is normally made of beech. Beech is used because it is tough plenty to bear the tenseness of the strings. A modern concert harp stands about 70-75 in ( 1. 8-1. 9 m ) high. is about 40 in ( 1 m ) broad. weighs about 70-90 pound ( 32-41 kilogram ) . and has 47 strings. runing in size from a few inches to several pess in length. Some harps were dual strung which added a 2nd row of strings which were played by go throughing a finger between two strings a harper could make the corresponding chromatic note in the other row. This led to the innovation of the triple-strung harp which was designed to be played with two custodies. The triple-strung harp had three rows of strings. the two outer rows were tuned to the same diatonic graduated table while the interior row was tuned to the outer rows’ chromatic half steps. This had the benefit of vocals with quickly repeated notes being more easy played and playing the same note on either side amplified that note by increasing the resonance in the organic structure. There is no set mic’ing technique for a classical harp as mic’ing the strings will lose the organic structure and heat of the harp. and entirely mic’ing the sound board will lose the onslaught from the strings so a combination of two-channel braces. close mic’ing and ambient mic’ing is used to accomplish an accurate representation of a harp. Experiment with multiple set-ups is the standard method at entering a harp and taking the preferable coupling. an illustration of this is shown ( Microphones and Recording. 2008 ) utilizing 4 two-channel braces in assorted places around the harp. In this illustration the 4 braces used are ; a cardioid capacitor brace in ORTF formation on one side of the harp. about 3 pess off. A cardioid capacitor brace in happenstance formation. on the same side a few pess from the harp. A brace of thread mikes positioned on the lower half of the harp near to the sound box on either side of the harp. A brace of omni directional capacitor mikes above the harp on either side. The preferable brace in this case was the cardiod brace in ORTF formation described as being bright with plentifulness of item. In some cases some braces can be assorted together to bring forth a all-around reproduction of the harp but in this instance the braces were placed in many locations presenting stage issues to the mix. Alison Vardy ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. alisonvardy. com ) has categorised different techniques used to bring forth a reproduction for certain genres these methods are ; Classical. True Classical. Pop and meditative. The classical method uses three mikes a brace on either side panned left and right positioned near the participants respective manus and a single-channel big omni-directional mike infront and above the harp to capture the room atmosphere. The true classical method uses a LR brace infront of the harp near to the organic structure with a 3rd farther back in the center to give the mix more infinite. The dad method is described as supplying a strong chiming to the mix with one mike above the participants manus capturing the action from the strings. panned partly to one side and one at the base of the harp to capture the bass of the harp. panned partly to the opposite side with a glandular fever mike out front to capture the room sound. The 4th method described as brooding uses a two-channel brace aimed towards the pillar of the harp at waist tallness with a 3rd mike above the manus centred to capture the action of the strings positioned in the Centre of the mix. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Harp hypertext transfer protocol: //www. alisonvardy. com/harp-info/medieval-harp-history. htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www. enotes. com/harp-66393-reference/harp hypertext transfer protocol: //us. harp. com/history-of-the-harp. htm Microphones and Recording 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. recording-microphones. co. uk/recording-harp. shtml

Ligand Pharmaceuticals

The Ligand Company violated U.S. accounting standards and concepts, specifically U.S. GAAP when it understated its sales returns to present a better financial picture of the company. The research focuses on the Ligand violations of U.S. consistency, comaparability, and fair presentation standards and concepts (Bragg, 2007). The research focuses on the criticism on PCAOB for being too stringent. The financial statements must display the fair presentation of the organization’s business activities.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ligand Pharmaceuticals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International accounting standard 18 focuses on revenues. Revenue is income that is precipitates from the daily business activities of the company. Revenue is recorded when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow into the coffers of the company and the benefits can be measured (Bragg, 2007). Likewise, revenue rep resents the gross inflow of benefits from the daily business activities of the company. In this regard, sales return is a necessary accounting entry that reduces revenues to its net realizable. Gross sales less sales returns produces net sales; net sales is the revenue that represents the gross inflow of benefits from the company’s daily business operations. Likewise, international accounting standards 1, preparation of financial statements, discusses the intricacies of recording business transactions, including when, how, and how much should be recorded in terms of sales returns (www.IASB.com). Ligand failed to comply with the accounting standard and concept specially IAS 18 and IAS1. Ligand underestimated its sales return figures to show a fraudulent net revenue figure of only 2.5%. Ligand should present the real sales return figure which is higher. The higher sales return figure would reduce net revenues; this true net revenue estate presents a less favorable picture of Li gand when compared to the fraudulent net revenue shown in the Ligand financial statements. Fazio should use realistic figures such as the forecast done by Fazio’s auditing staff shown to be from 13% to 20%. Consequently, Fazio should not issue a non qualified opinion (Moeller, 2008). In response to the understatement of the sales returns, the external auditors should recommend an adjustment to the sales return figures from the erroneous 2.5% to the realistic figure; the realistic figure is from13% to 20%. Failure to comply with the audit recommendations would force the external auditors to avoid issuing a nonqualified opinion (Delaney Whittington, 2010). From its creation, the PCAOB had many criticisms from many affected sectors, especially the external auditing firm. There have been many complaints directed at the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. One of the major criticisms is that the PCAOB’s issuance of AS2. This is a 150 page auditing standards that force s external auditors to metamorphose into a more conservative type of audit program when handling each audit client.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another major complaint is that AS2 does not explain in detail how publicly listed companies establish a â€Å"fair† internal control system (Moeller 2008). Likewise, the PCAOB has forced external auditing firms to increase its audit expenses; the auditing firm must increase its audit time and audit program to ensure a better audit work as compared to the less stringent auditing program prevailing prior to the PCAOB and Sarbanes –Oxley Act. The PCAOB introduced the stricter audit policies to prevent a repeat of the Enron, WorldCom, and other accounting scandals where the external auditors connived with their clients to present fraudulent financial statements. Many audit companies complained that PCAOB –presc ribed auditing standards were too cumbersome and expensive (Daelen 2010). The PCAOB should implement some measures to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness as a Sarbanes Oxley Act –created auditing oversight body. The PCAOB should hold regular meetings with representatives from all affected sectors of society, especially the external auditors. The PCAOB body should taper its stringent auditing policies to ensure the survival of the auditing firms. In addition, the PCAOB should openly receive suggestions from auditing firms and the client firms as basis for issuing future audit –related policies and procedures. Briefly, the Ligand Company violated U.S. accounting standards and concepts, specifically U.S. GAAP by understating sales returns. The external auditor required adjustments to correct the fraudulent Ligand Company financial report. The PCAOB has been criticized for being too stringent on the auditing firms. Indeed, financial statements should present th e fair presentation of the organization’s business activities. References Bragg, S. (2007) Wiley GAAP Policies and Procedures. New York, J Wiley Sons Press. Daelen, M. (2010) Risk Management and Corporate Governance. New York, Edward Press.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ligand Pharmaceuticals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Delaney, P., Whittington, R., (2010) Wiley CPA Exam Review 2011: Auditing and  Attestation. New York,J. Wiley Sons Press. Moeller, R. (2008) Sarbanes -Oxley Internal Controls. New York, J Wiley Sons Press. This report on Ligand Pharmaceuticals was written and submitted by user Emilee F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Piper

The organizational structure of Piper has changed throughout the company’s years of business due to the relocation of centers and changing of owners. Piper expanded prior to the 1970’s and had multiple locations throughout the United States. At Piper’s headquarters, the hierarchical or pyramid structure was used while it was more rectangular at the other centers. In the late 1970’s to the early 1980’s, Piper opted to retract to one main location in Vero Beach, Florida. While at this location, the organization kept a more rectangular shape. Not having established positions of leadership and authority, the rectangular organizational structure led to problems with organization and production. The company was losing money and though that downsizing would help reduce their expenses. Piper was down to just 45 employees before hitting rock bottom and filing for bankruptcy in the mid 1990’s. However, Piper’s owner sold the company and the new owner restructured the company’s organization back to the pyramid shape. Their strategic managers, the CEO and President, were at the top followed by the Vice Presidents and the head managers of the company’s departments. Piper’s departments include marketing, parts, human resources, research and development, manufacturing, and customer service. Following the managers of those departments in the pyramid were the managers of the individual cells. Under the new ownership, the company has grown to a still small employee base of 1000. The new owner also made communication between the employees and managers of the company much easier. All managers have an open door policy. Improved communication and organizational structure has served Piper well and the company’s business is now booming. The organizational structure of a company has a direct correlation of how the company assigns tasks when completing a project. The main departments, research and development, parts, and m... Free Essays on Piper Free Essays on Piper The organizational structure of Piper has changed throughout the company’s years of business due to the relocation of centers and changing of owners. Piper expanded prior to the 1970’s and had multiple locations throughout the United States. At Piper’s headquarters, the hierarchical or pyramid structure was used while it was more rectangular at the other centers. In the late 1970’s to the early 1980’s, Piper opted to retract to one main location in Vero Beach, Florida. While at this location, the organization kept a more rectangular shape. Not having established positions of leadership and authority, the rectangular organizational structure led to problems with organization and production. The company was losing money and though that downsizing would help reduce their expenses. Piper was down to just 45 employees before hitting rock bottom and filing for bankruptcy in the mid 1990’s. However, Piper’s owner sold the company and the new owner restructured the company’s organization back to the pyramid shape. Their strategic managers, the CEO and President, were at the top followed by the Vice Presidents and the head managers of the company’s departments. Piper’s departments include marketing, parts, human resources, research and development, manufacturing, and customer service. Following the managers of those departments in the pyramid were the managers of the individual cells. Under the new ownership, the company has grown to a still small employee base of 1000. The new owner also made communication between the employees and managers of the company much easier. All managers have an open door policy. Improved communication and organizational structure has served Piper well and the company’s business is now booming. The organizational structure of a company has a direct correlation of how the company assigns tasks when completing a project. The main departments, research and development, parts, and m...

Children and video games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Children and video games - Essay Example Video games are commonly known as time wasters by parents and educational experts. Many educational experts define video games as tools that corrupt children's brains. However even with the studies video games also have positive impacts on children, these positive impacts include the development of the brain and increases the communicational levels of children. In the world, almost 80% of the children play video games at least once a month, some of them are addicted spending almost 13 hours of video games per week (8-12 years old). Those of the age 13-18 years spend fourteen hours a week playing video games, an hour more than those of 8-12 years old (metrics 2.0, 2007). In most cases, stopping the children from playing video games is difficult as video games are prominent in most of their lives. Past evidence proves that gaming has more advantages than disadvantages, especially in the development of the brain and improvement in the social life. When a child plays video games, his or her brain is in a real workout, many of the video games require the child to use a lot of skill in order to win through the levels. In this, the kids have the chance to engage the high level of thinking, skills not even in school. Some of these skills include gained when playing video games include, fine motor, hand-eye coordination, and spatial skills, following instructions and problem solving and logic. Children who play violent games have high levels of aggressive thoughts and are more violent, behaviors, and feelings.

Reflective Journal on Assignment Completed - Next plc Performance and Personal Statement

Reflective Journal on Assignment Completed - Next plc Performance and Business Strategies in the UK and Europe - Personal Statement Example The interpretative approach applied, has enabled me to correlate my knowledge with the information accessed and draw a conclusion based on my interpretation. My research was based on the secondary data collected from the company websites, books and journals. For my future researches, I plan to rely more on primary data and collect them by visiting the company site as it is more reliable and authentic. As it was difficult for me to meet the managers of Next plc for my research, I completely depended on the secondary sources and had to be very cautious with the quality and authenticity of the information collected. My analysis and interpretations of the information collected has helped me to achieve the objectives of the research effectively. Since it was difficult for me to have a direct meeting with the management of the company, Next plc, so I made it a point to collect reliable data of the company like the financial reports and the sales forecast reports from their website. I analysed them and compared it with its competitors to recommend on future profits and benefits for the company. The research enhanced my reasoning ability and interpretation skills. It helped me to objectify a research problem and analysed it to recommend viable solutions to the company. I had aimed to improve my analytical and reasoning skills. By increasing my scope of knowledge on the business strategies planned and performance of the company in the UK and Europe, I have been able to gather enough information on the company and analysed their balance sheet and financial statements which increased my scope and ability of analysis and reasoning. The research has taught me to acquire reliable information and eliminate unimportant source of information. It enhanced my knowledge on the different theories that can be applied in research methodologies and data collection which enabled me to prepare a good business report. The access to scholarly articles and journal as well as through the

Effect of Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías Regime on the Economy

Effect of Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as Regime on the Economy Introduction Venezuela is located in the upper corner of South America and neighbors with Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana. It has been nearly 200 years since Venezuela first gained its independence from Spain (1811). From 1830 onwards, when Venezuela split from the Bolivarian Colombia (1819-1830), the country was governed mostly by military and despotic regimes. That military period lasted until 1958 when the current democratic spell started following the ousting of General Marcos Perez Jimenezs dictatorship.  [1]  Despite that long period of military dictatorships, the Venezuelan economy is considered to be a mixed economy where there is a mixture of command and free market elements  [2]  . These will be discussed in greater depth in the following text. Venezuela had until the 1980s a series of successful periods of economic growth  [3]  . The country had from there on and until 1999 a succession of economic and political crises. The government previous to the election of Hugo Chavez headed by Rafael Caldera was in power from 1994 to 1999. During this time in office he had to deal with high inflation rates and a financial crisis. Due to these severe problems, Caldera was forced to impose an exchange control in mid-1994. This was shortly followed by more stabilization actions that were enforced by the International Monetary Fund agreement. Due to these severe actions taken by the Calderas government (Convergencia) he became severely unpopular among the electorate. This did not help him win his reelection and set the stage for Hugo Chavez  [4]  . The purpose of this essay is to discuss whether or not Hugo Rafael Chà ¡vez Frà ­as regime is moving towards a planned economy due his anti- American stance. Moises Naim states that the rise to power of Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez is often seen as evidence of an impending backlash against globalization, American-style capitalism.  [5]  This statement reflects the change in the governments policies on the Venezuelan economic system. To further explain this transformation it is vital to define what a free market economy and planned economy are. Theoretical Background Hypotheses If the Venezuelan government is moving from a free market economy to a planned economy, one would expect to find evidence of this transition economy. Definitions are needed to be known before explanation of results. A free market economy refers to an economy in which markets, in other words the interaction of buyers and producers, determine price and output.  [6]  In addition, this economic system [relies] on free markets which permit people to engage in economic activities largely free from government control.  [7]  In other words the government must have a hands-off policy in regards to the economy. Therefore, all production is in private hands and companies are able to adjust their wages and prices according to the demand and supply curve. Furthermore individuals are able to make independent decisions regarding the price of products, amount of production, and retailing. The free market economy is one that allows for the best interests of both consumers and producers to be met  [8]  . Advantages of the free market economy include: resources are allocated by market forces and price mechanisms,  [9]  and the motivation of profits provides an incentive to reduce costs and be innovate.  [10]  As William Baumol points out, to some extent, innovation in the economy is important as it indicates the expansion of peoples creativities in businesses and therefore fosters productivity growth in the economy.  [11]  What this makes clear once again is that a lot of the power and decision making lie within companies and the market. Disadvantages can include resources being used up too quickly as firms seek to make high profits and to minimize costs.  [12]  Additionally, large firms can expand and dominate a particular industry; leading to higher prices, and results in excessive power. A planned economy is defined as an economy where decisions are made by the government on the behalf of the people, and in theory, in their best interests.  [13]  This indicates that the state has great ownership of resources in the economy and through this provides social welfare to the people. In this economy the government sets the price of resources. There are thought to be several advantages and disadvantages in a planned economy. The advantages are that the government can directly influence the distribution of income to make it more equal  [14]  . In addition the government determines which [types of goods] are to be supplied  [15]  . This necessarily gives the government the power to decide what goods are considered to be important in the society. A disadvantage of this economy is the government [s dominance which] may lead to a loss of personal freedom of choice  [16]  . Unlike the free market economy there is no incentive for individuals or firms to be innovat iveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ goods are often of poor quality and usually a limited choice.  [17]  No competition in the economy and low profit (or absence of profit altogether) can lead to inefficiencies of resources. In short, it is the government, and not the consumers, who make all the decisions. A planned economy is an ideology often used by governments in communist states. Countries like Cuba and North Korea are currently using a planned economy system. An important concept of economic theory in describing a planned economy and free market economy is the understanding of economic growth. Economic growth is defined as an improvement in the standard of living (that) typically occurs when an economy increases its output of goods and services during an expansion  [18]  . This leads to economic development which refers to an improvement in living standards in an economy encompassing material consumption, education, health, and environmental concerns.  [19]  Therefore the use of a production possibility curve (PPC) is implemented to determine economic growth. Looking at the graph below (figure 1), one can see the theoretical downfall of the total goods and services (GDP) as the market moves from free market to planned economy. The PPC1 curve shifts downwards to PPC2 a level where planned economy would function. In moving from a free economy to a more planned economy orientated structure (transition economy), theoretically the output of the countrys total goods and services would decrease because of the inefficiencies. Overall the economic growth diminishes as the governments dominance in the economy increases. Figure 1 The PPC can also be used to better understand the change in government spending in a planned economy. This curve demonstrates the shifting of the government spending. The graph below (figure 2) presents public sector production and private sector production. The PPC curve represents the maximum amount of output possible given the available resources.  [20]  . At point A, there is an equal amount of production from the public and private sector. The total production at point A is on the PPC curve meaning that the maximum level of production is obtained  [21]  . As the government moves closer to a fully planned economy and it begins to invest in the public sector which include schools, health programs, housing, and so forth bureaucracy and inefficiencies increase and production moves to point B.  [22]  As we can see in figure 2, point B is no longer on the PPC curve but below it, signaling that the maximum level of output is not being achieved. Figure 2 Methodology Departing from the following hypothesis If the Venezuelan government is moving from a free market economy to a planned economy, one would expect to find evidence of this transition economy. This evidence would be found in several areas. One would expect to find more government bureaucracy and interferences in private enterprises. This could take the form of increased unjustified fines, paper work, restriction of all kinds, and control, which all result in reduction of business. One would also expect to find an increase in the nationalization of private companies; this could take the form of expropriation of private lands by the government. Further evidence of a movement towards a planned economy would be greater spending on social welfare. This would be clear in areas such as health, education, and housing. Finally, one would expect to find evidence of more interference in the economic structure exemplified by manipulation of currency exchange rates. To prove my hypothesis, this evid ence should be demonstrated as actually present in order to confirm the transition of Venezuelas economy. To prove or disprove my hypothesis I relied both on primary and secondary sources. In investigating primary sources, I met with two local business men  [23]  and one professor  [24]  in Venezuela. I then asked them specific questions  [25]  regarding their businesses in this transition economy. Furthermore, in October 2010 on a visit to Venezuela, I was able to make my own observations of the state of the country. In investigating secondary sources, I researched articles and books written by authors and journalists. In addition, I looked for statistics that represent the movement from a free-market to a planned economy. Results Analysis Evaluation More government interference on businesses When Hugo Chavezs government got into office in 1999, the government slowly imposed new regulations on all sizes of businesses. This policy mainly impacted negatively small businesses and employment. I interviewed one business man, Otto Horn, regarding the increased bureaucracy that his firm, Floritec  [26]  , encounters. In this interview he stated that It is harder to import and export raw materials and finished products abroad  [27]  . Many businesses are required to fill in extra custom paper work for SENIAT (the governments tax collection entity)  [28]  and face crippling fines for even a minor inconsistency in the eyes of custom agents. It gets harder by the day to keep small enterprises in business. This has led to higher cost for businesses as these bureaucratic obstacles force the firms to hire more labor to deal with these issues. As well, it is noticed that waiting for approvals from the government in so many newly imposed demands on small enterprises means los s of time and money which impacts the efficiency of these businesses. To put an example, the government has begun charging firms for the use of their own company logo on their own trucks. Otto Horn stated, If you want to put a company logo, you need to buy a license from the government and this raises costs.  [29]  These examples point to an increased level of government interference. Small businesses are mostly affected by these measures as they dont have enough capital to cover these new expenses. Big businesses have also been affected by these government interferences and even though they are better prepared to cope with it the uncertainty leads to less investment and further instability in the economy as a whole. In early 2009, the economy encountered high inflation  [30]  . This caused a surge in the prices of all products. The Venezuelan government, under Chavez, made several attempts in reducing this high inflation. One of the actions taken was imposing price controls on certain staple foods in an effort to make them more affordable to everyone. However, this action did not have the best outcome, [the] government [`s] attempts to impose price control has had limited effect as big food producers have cut back on production, food distributors have decreased shipments and even hoarded essential goods and retail sellers have traded on the black market  [31]  This control further damaged the food producers by cutting their profit which forced them to reduce the costs, which in one example was achieved by reducing the number of employees. Furthermore, Luis Carmona of Polar states, Forcing companies to produce rice at a loss will not resolve the situation, [and] simply makes it worse.  [32]  In addition, fewer goods could be established on the market. These price controls largely affects food producers and many food processing companies became bankrupt. Hugo Chavez and his government decided to sue or even nationalize dysfunctional companies if they do not follow the governments rules  [33]  . Hugo Chavez said he would take over the control of the food processing industries, as he said in one of his statements, I will expropriate them, I have no problem with that, and Ill pay them with bonds. Dont count on me paying with hard cash  [34]  . This suggests that the government is serious about making food available to the poor but on the other hand, private firms cannot cope with the price changes unless it cuts down on costs. This is all evidence of a planned economy. Government interference was evident in the conversation with another business man named Jorge Redmond, CEO of Chocolates El Rey  [35]  . Mr. Redmond initially wanted to merge his company with the world renowned company, Nestlà ©. He wanted to merge the company to avoid suffocating levels of governmental interference and bureaucratic hurdles brought upon the firm affecting its products exports mainly to its U.S customers. However the government blocked the deal between the potential mergers, as the government did not want more foreign presence in Venezuela  [36]  . The governments move against expansion of global assets limits the choices of private firms. This emphasizes the governments bureaucracy and interference on businesses. Government Nationalization Growing bureaucracy and government interference have led to a failure of private companies as they cannot maintain healthy profitability levels. This has given the government an excuse to nationalize private firms. Common examples are CA Nacional Telefonos de Venezuela (CANTV), the countrys telephone company and Electricidad de Caracas, the largest electric company in Venezuela  [37]  . These nationalizations were linked by Chavez to his pursuit of XXI century Socialism  [38]  . In July 2007, at the start of the high fuel prices, the government nationalized key infrastructures of the Venezuelan economy in an attempt to reach the goals of the government.  [39]   Also in 2007, the government stripped assets from two U.S. oil companies Exxon Mobil Corp. and ConocoPhilips.  [40]  The government seized control of the profits of both companies. In the following year, 2008, Hugo Chavez and his government ordered the nationalization of the cement industry, Cemex,  [41]  a Mexican owned company. Chavezs rationale was to prepare for future building in the housing sector. In addition, in 2008, the Venezuelan steel mill, Siderà ºrgica del Orinoco SIDOR, was nationalized. Chavez complained the companies do not put a high enough priority on supplying the domestic market  [42]  . In 2009, the government for the first time ordered the Venezuelan armed forces to take over a business, in this case a rice processing plant  [43]  . In October 2010 the government nationalized AGROISLENA, the countrys largest producer of goods and services for the agricultural sector  [44]  . According to The Economist, since Hugo Chavez got into power in 1999, almost 400 companies have been nationalized, the vast majority in the past two years.  [45]  This shows the governments movement to take over major industries in order to fix the prices of the goods. All the above actions taken by the government have been sweeping reforms throughout the nation with the aim of reducing the prices of products which would result in massive consumption of the products by the local economy. The nationalization of firms by the government points to evidence of a planned economy as the government begins to de-privatize companies, moving towards a greater control of how the economy functions. More Social Welfare Spending Hugo Chavez came to power by promising the people a reduction in poverty and an increase in quality of life for the masses. This spending was fueled by high oil prices in July 2007, crude had reached the remarkable world market price of $US 147 per barrel.  [46]   This increased spending in the public sector gives more evidence of the move to a planned economy. The graph (figure 3) below shows the statistics of government public expenditure  [47]  . The current regime under Hugo Chavez has increased public spending by a factor of 13 between 1999 (the year Chavez entered office) to 2008. Figure 3 The government has spent money on the educational, health, and housing sectors. With the increase profits from the oil rents and productions, the Ministry of Education has introduced mission programs, Robinson I and II are mission[s] focusing on literacy and primary education for adults, Ribas and Sucre target secondary and university education for individuals who never had the opportunity to attend or those who dropped out.  [48]  This missions are examples of increased spending on the public sector. Hugo Chavezs government has increased public spending on the health sector of the economy. The government has created new mission programs such as, Barrio Adentro [which] provides free health care to the poor through the assistance of tens of thousands of Cuban doctors  [49]  Internet correspondence with Guillermo Buhrkohl  [50]  , a political professor from Venezuela, confirms this in the following, The health programs known as Mission Barrio Adentro and Mission Miracle, are programsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ aiming [at]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ providing primary medical attention to the shantytown population; however the professor confirms the government is literally asphyxiating both health care provided by private hospitals and the traditional public health system, paradoxically the later is the place where the poor go when a very limited Barrio Adentro cannot cope. This proves that there has been an increase in government spending on healthcare which could be seen as detrimental to both priv ate and public sectors. The government promised the masses to increase the public social welfare to all. This would also include the construction of close to free housing for each family. From my own personal observation while visiting the country in October 2010, the use of the billboards to promote housing plans was clearly evident everywhere  [51]  . This evidence of increased spending in the public sector mostly for political purposes adds up to the motive of the planned economy. Manipulation of currency Hugo Chavezs government has interfered deeply into the currency market. The government has made severe adjustments to currency, starting with the introduction of strict exchange rate controls by pegging the exchange rate to the American dollar in 2005. In 2008, the government changed the numerical currency making 1,000 Bolivars equal to the value of one Bolivar Fuerte (strong Bolivar)  [52]  . This measure could be seen to minimize the perceived inflation due to government action. However, it does not address the inflation that the country faces. In January 8th 2010, the government announced the devaluing of the currency by up to 50%  [53]  . The government believed that the devaluation of the Bolivar would trigger an export boom as Venezuelas exports would become more competitive. In reality, the devaluation had little to no effect on the countrys exports, as can be seen in Figure 4  [54]  . Figure 4 As mentioned above, in 2005, Hugo Chavezs administration made extreme adjustments to the Venezuelan financial system. The governments control over the currency exchange rates is shown in a statement, The introduction of the exchange controls has meant that companies and individuals have to apply to the Comision de Administracion de Divisas (Cadivi, the official foreign exchange agency).  [55]  This is where the government fixed the currency rate at 2.15 to the dollar. This triggered an increase in imports from 2005 which can be seen on the graph above (Fig.3)  [56]  . On January 8, 2010, the devaluation has occurred; from 2.15 bolivars to the [US] dollar to 4.3 bolivars to the [US] dollar  [57]  explained above caused higher consumer inflation on goods thus affecting the total spending on imported goods like televisions. The devaluation of the currency and exchange controls has lead the Venezuelan economy to have extremely high inflation. Consumption in the Venezuelan economy has decreased and business production has lowered to meet their expenditures. For example, Movistar, [in Venezuela] a mobile phone company owned by Spains Telefonica, last month [August 2010] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ suspended roaming agreements in 13 countries.  [58]  This indicated that the dollar squeeze is affecting the Venezuelan economy deeply. On the other hand, high inflation means that the government gets more Bolivars from a quick recovery of oil prices, and exporting oil to United States. This money allows the government to satisfy the needs of the Venezuelans to the best interests of the government, and this brings the role of the government into everyday lives as, that gives Mr. Chavez the chance to throw money around: pay rises for the army for example.  [59]  This manipulation of the currency gives solid evidence of interferences in economy by Hugo Chavezs government which adds a new element that confirms the hypothesis of a transition towards a planned economy in Venezuela. Conclusions In this investigation, I found information that supports the transformation to a planned economy from a free market economy in Venezuela. The evidence included: increased government bureaucracy, nationalization of the private sector, increased government spending in social welfare, and increased manipulation of the currency. This has led Hugo Chavezs government to gain greater control of the Venezuelan economic system since his election in 1998. The government is able to decide which goods and services are considered to be important for society. Such examples are the heavily subsidized food distribution firms (MERCAL and PDVAL) created by the government  [60]  . In this investigation, there are a number of difficulties that hinder the gathering of evidence. First, it was hard to gain true statistics regarding the economy. For example, the unemployment rate is hard to determine due to the fact that workers in the informal sector of the economy are included in the statistics which constitutes half of the countrys total workforce  [61]  . It was difficult to find statistical data to support the losses of business budget. Despite my attempts to access this information through internet sources, I was unsuccessful. Secondly there has been a strong political bias in many articles, books, and interviews. These biases affected my research and influenced me deeply, though I made every attempt to remain objective. In addition, it was often hard to separate politics from economics where both are closely linked together. These shortcomings together with a lack of time beg for further and more in depth research to formalize conclusions. Specifically, I would wish to focus on a significant number of concrete business cases where the governments interference in the economy has greatly affected their profitability. I would be interested in confirming the statistical data to support the hypothesis presented. However, the evidence and research presented here demonstrate that there are elements to sustain my hypothesis. It is clear that the government is seriously attempting to impose upon the country a planned economy of the Venezuela. Whether the government is able to complete a transition to a fully planned economy or not, this conclusion stands regardless. In my opinion, the move to the planned economy under Hugo Chavez can have a negative impact on Venezuela as it has negatively limited the freedom of Venezuelan businesses and increased government interference in the economy. Evidence can be found in articles discussing the current brain drain  [62]  ; the educated Venezuelans are more likely to leave the country. Many of these educated people whom are students, professors, doctors, business owners and so forth have either moved to Colombia or to the United States. References Bad news for Venezuelan economy. El Universal 24 May 2010: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. . Baumol, Willam. The free-market innovation machine: analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, 2002. Print. Blink, Jocelyn, and Ian Dorton. Economics: Course Companion. Oxford: Database right Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. The Bolivarian Brain Drain. Newsweek 1 July 2009: n. pag. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.

Emerson College Essay

Short Answer A: My intended major at Emerson College is marketing and communication. I have been interested in marketing since I was very young. My parents started their own business when I was a kid, and I was often exposed to business related things (like dinners with clients, factory tours, etc. ). I enjoyed being a part of this experience, and found it very fascinating and helpful. These experiences led me to a handful of part time jobs that related to marketing, which only whetted my interest more. These jobs include being a salesperson, being part of a design team, and being an intern in a manufacturing company. A person who is good at marketing does not only have experience in the field, but also a strong personality. I enjoy persuading people to think in new ways or to build on ideas from other peoples’ comments, two skills that are key in marketing. I also enjoy marketing because it has a creative edge. And finally, I really enjoy being a leader, which will serve me well in working with different teams of people. As an adult, my interest in marketing led me to study economics in GCSE. I also studied business and management in my international baccalaureate diploma. These studies really solidified my interest in marketing, and have led me to your college. I am interested in Emerson College because of the vast opportunities you provide, including internships, which I hope to participate in during my college career. Short Answer B: I would title my life â€Å"A Series of Fortunate Events. I have been very lucky to experience all that I have in the way of marketing so far. My parents having their own business meant that I was involved in business and marketing from a very young age. My part time jobs and internships added even more to my experiences. My leadership and creative qualities also furthered my abilities by helping me to get a lot out of the experiences that I had. I am excited to attend Emerson College to learn and experience even more.

Divorce and remarriage Essay

1. Some people believe that the best way to decrease divorce rates would be to make divorce more difficult to obtain. Others think it would be better to make marriage more difficult to obtain (i.e., require counseling). What do you think? What are the pros and cons of each approach? Based on what you learned from reading the textbook, how would you go about developing a comprehensive program or social policy to reduce divorce? Learn more about current divorce laws at: http://www.divorcesource.com/info/divorcelaws/states.shtml and about marriage laws at: http://usmarriagelaws.com/search/united_states/. 2. What advantages does the initiator have in the divorce process? How is the divorce process different for the initiator, compared to the person who is left? 3. Explain why a woman’s standard of living declines after divorce while her husband’s increases. 4. What are some of the individual risk factors that increase the likelihood of divorce? 5. How is remarriage an â€Å"incomplete institution†? 6. Why is it riskier today than in previous generations for women to choose to be homemakers? 7. Which is more likely to end in divorce, a first marriage or a remarriage? Why? Be sure to use information from the textbook to help you answer these questions. 1.Some pros of making marriage more difficult to obtain would be that there would most likely be a lower divorce rate. But I think that a con that would come out of making marriage harder to obtain would be the fact that people  might not want to get married as often. People usually don’t like waiting that long for something they want so I doubt that we would have that many marriages anymore. Being that said, I think that would be a pro of having divorce harder to obtain. People wouldn’t want to wait that long for the process, so they might try to work out things with each other and try to fix their marriages more often than they do now. A con of this though would be that there is so many people being married, that I think the divorce rate would be even higher. Maybe people might even get married while they’re drunk if the marriage process was easier and then we would still have divorce rate high. 2.The initiator in the divorce would know that the divorce was coming and they would have time to prepare for it. For an example, they would have time to stock up on their money for a few months in advance to telling their partner that they want to split, so when they do, the initiator can move out and find an apartment. The person who is being told about the divorce does not have time to prepare for anything and may become financially unstable if they have to move out of the house too soon. The initiator also has the advantage of controlling their emotions while they are telling the person they want a divorce. They have already done through the emotions because they knew they were going to divorce their spouse and when they tell their partner, their partner still has to grieve and go through the process, which the initiator already has done. 3.In today’s world, women are still getting paid less than men and if women are going through a divorce, they are having to pay for everything themselves now and are looking for the cheap things to buy instead of expensive things. Men on the other hand do not think of the potential loss of money that will come from the divorce and continue buying what they were buying before, plus more, which will raise their standard of living and drop the womens’ standard of living. 4.One risk that I think of right away is that if you were raised in a single parent household growing up, you will most likely stick to that routine you have had all of your life and once you get married, you’ll think that it’s  not for you. You will want to get divorced because you were used to not having that other person around. Another factor would be if you and your partner disagree of having children. People who disagree on big life decisions are likely to get divorced. You are also more likely to get divorced if you have no children, because you are not staying in the relationship for anyone but yourself and you don’t have your children’s feelings to worry about.

Parents Being Drug Addicted A Great Influence On Their...

On top of parents being drug addicted, many children in Appalachia deal with instability within their families. They are often raised by single parents, with significant others coming in and out of the picture frequently, or in houses with multiple family members living under the same roof. This uncertainty in their lives is damaging to their mental health, as they can never be sure of who will be in their life, and for how long. A child may become close to an adult, thinking that it will be a permanent relationship, only to have that person ripped from their life the next month, or even the next week. Evidence shows that the social relationships children form has a great influence on their behavior. These relationships begin with the relationships that the child forms with their parents and caregivers. It is necessary to have a secure and attached relationship in order for the child to behave well (ASCD). Single parents also have less time to spend with their children due to the fac t that they often need to work more hours in order to support their families. Similar to prescription drug abuse, the number of single parent families is rising across the nation, but this number is higher in Appalachia (newspaper article). Children require attention from their parents in the early stages of development, and if a single parent must work to support the family by themselves, they will have less time to be with their children and raise them properly. Single parent families are alsoShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Drug abuse, also known as substance abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Many teens turn to marijuana, prescription drugs, club drugs, alcohol, or other substances as a means of coping with stress, peer influence, and failure of parents to prevent their children from making unreasonable decisions. According to the yearly â€Å"Monitoring the Future† survey of high school age teenagersRead MoreAddiction : A Powerful Force1385 Words   |  6 Pagescomplex interplay of biological, environmental, social, and behavioral factors puts addicted individuals at great personal risk. While addiction has traditionally been viewed as an urban issue, in recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the foothold opioids have gained in rural America (U.S. DHHS, 2012). As rates of drug addiction rise throughout the Midwest and Ohio, rates of hospitalization and drug poisoning deaths also increase. While extant data does not elucidate a causal relationshipRead MoreThe Effect Parents Have on Their Children. Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is it important that parents make wise decisions? It is important because these choices not only affect themselves but also affect their children. Parents and caregivers are vital to the development and growth of children. Parents play a crucia l role in every stage of childhood and can play a positive role in helping them get the best out of life. The most simplest decisions in a parents life could damage the life of a child. Thats why the way parents raise their children play an important roleRead MoreDrug Addiction Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesMany types of drugs that effect the body biologically and physically, can be abused through addiction. Addiction can start though someone else introducing it to you and showing what is does for them or peer pressure can cause teens to feel the need that since everyone else is trying this drug that they wouldn’t become addicted like them. Addiction can range from simply drinking coffee to inserting injection of heroin into your bloodstream. Addiction is a serious topic that is involved with humanRead MoreLegalization of Drugs Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs has been a very controversial issue in the United States for many years. Drugs being legalized can have both advantages and disadvantages on society. On one hand, certain drugs, such as aspirin has long been used as a common medicine to many people, to cure diseases and help people with their personal problems such as headaches, toothaches, to name a few. Some people even take the drug daily as a therapy to lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes.Read MoreIs Addiction A Powerful Force?1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe complex interplay of biological, environmental, social, and behavioral factors puts addicted individuals at great personal risk. While opioid addiction has commonly been viewed as an urban issue, in recent years increasing attention has been paid to the foothold it has gained in rural America (U.S. DHHS, 2012). As rates of drug addiction rise throughout the Midwest and Ohio, rates of hospitalization and drug poisoning deaths also increase. While e xtant data does not elucidate a causal relationshipRead MoreThe Effect of Parents Drug Use on Children Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesEffect of Parents Drug Use on Children Imagine if the two people you admire the most, the two people who set the example of how life should be, just stopped taking care of you and neglected your individual needs. What could be the reason your parents have chosen to withdraw from your life? If you could examine this picture more closely, you would see that these types of parents are the ones who are addicted to drugs and stray away from the needs of their own children. These parents do not realizeRead MoreEssay about Reasons for Addiction1257 Words   |  6 PagesHow do you know when you are addicted to something? Is it a choice or just an effect? What most people do not understand, is that no one really chooses to be an addict. Being addicted to something such as drugs, alcohol, food, etc., is not due to someone waking up one day and saying hey, I would really enjoy not being able to cope without a substance. It is mostly due to deeper issues like depression or influences, things of that nature, which lead someone on the path for their search of an escapeRead MoreBad Decisions, Sad Lives1309 Words   |  6 Pagesamong adolescents in this generation. Dr. Nora D Volkow, director of the National Institute On Drug Abuse reports that unintentional overdose deaths involving opioid pain relievers have quadrupled since 1999, and by 2007, outnumbered those involving heroin and cocaine. Studies have shown that individuals who begin using drugs as juveniles are at greater risk of becoming addicted compared to those who begin drug use as an adult due to the immaturity of the teenage brain, particularly of that part of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drug usage and consumption has grown over the years. Drug addiction is a dilemma that has greatly increased among our current day society. Addiction is a serious problem. This can be defined as continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative conse quence. Narcotics like marijuana, heroin, crystal meth and crack cocaine are generally called drugs. Men and woman either take these drugs orally or inhale them. Drugs, other